ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF CWP

CWP’s role in enterprise development. By Kate Philip.(Power Point Document)

The CWP and Enterprise Creation By Howard Richards

Memo on the Evaluation of the Community Work Program (CWP)

[Note: For a basic introduction to CWP see the website of the International Labour Organization
www.ilo.org. Search under “South Africa” and “Community Work Program”]

SEE THE DOCUMENT

“Some quotes with definitions of organization.”

“Human organizations are systems of interdependent activity.”

–Herbert A. Simon, (1952)   “Comments on the Theory of Organizations,” American Political Science Review.  Volume 46   pp. 1130-1139.

An organization is a network of relationships among human individuals.

–R.S. Burt (1999) “The Network Structure of Social Capital,” in R I Sutton and B M Staw (Eds) Research in Organizational Behavior.   Greenwich CT: JAI Press.

Organizations are the players:  groups of individuals bound by a common purpose to achieve objectives.  They include political bodies (political parties, the senate, a city council, regulatory agencies), economic bodies (firms, trade unions, family farms, cooperatives), social bodies (churches, clubs, athletic associations) and educational bodies (schools, colleges, vocational training centers.)

Institutions are the rules of the game of a society.  They are the formally devised constraints that structure human action.  They are formal (law) and informal (norms) and the enforcement characteristics of both.

— Douglass North (1992), “Institutions and Economic Theory,” The American Economist.  Volume 36, pages 3-6. p. 5.

An organization is a set of relationships based on power.

–J. Pffefer (1981) Power in Organizations.  Baltimore MD:  Ballinger.

An organization is a nexus of contracts among self-interested principals and agents.

— M.C. Jensen and W.H. Meckling (1976) “Theory of the Firm,” Journal of Financial Economics.   Volume 3, pp. 305-360.

An organization at its best is a community of knowledge and learning.

–Chris Argyris (1993), Knowledge for Action: a Guide to Overcoming Barriers in Organizational Change.   San Francisco: Jossey-Bass

Merton sees organization as an activity functionally related to a purpose.  Barnard, Selznick and Parsons see organization as a social system.  March and Simon define organization in terms of component contributors and inducement systems.   “System” is the common element in these definitions.

–Charles A. Joiner(1961) , review of Amitai Etzioni, Complex Organizations, a sociological reader. In Public Administration Review.  Volume 21, pp. 99-104, p. 102.

An organization is “…a collectivity with a relatively identifiable boundary, a normative order, ranks of authority, communication systems, and membership-coordinating systems; this collectivity exists on a relatively continuous basis in an environment and engages in activities that are usually related to a set of goals; the activities have outcomes for organizational members, for the organization, and for society.”

–Richard Hall (1987) Organizations: Structures, Processes, and Outcomes.  Englewood Cliffs NJ, Prentice-Hall. P. 40.

Institutions are systems of established and prevalent social rules that structure social interactions.  Organizations are a special kind of institution that involve (a) criteria to establish their boundaries and distinguish members from non-members, (b) principles of sovereignty concerning who is in charge, and (c) chains of command delineating responsibilities within the organization.

–Geoffrey M. Hodgson (2006), “What are Institutions?” Journal of Economic Issues. Volume 40, pp. 2-25, p. 2, p. 8.

Managers can view an organization as a machine, an organism, a brain, a mind or a tribe.

–G. Morgan (1997), Images of Organization.  Hillsdale NJ: Sage

“Postmodern management can be understood as the design of successful action in a world of multiple competing paradigms ….”

“We posit the articulator role of the manager   –that of talking the walk and bringing to a shared and intelligible language the relevant raw experiences of the many—….

–Mihnea C. Moldoveanu and Roger L. Martin (2008) The Future of the MBA: Designing the Thinker of the Future.  Oxford:  Oxford University Press p. 29, p. 33

“Now we are entering a third period of change: the shift from the command-and-control organization, the organization of departments and divisions, to the information-based organization, the or-

ganization of knowledge specialists.”

— Peter Drucker (1988), “The Coming of the New Organization,” Harvard Business Review, Volume 66, pp. 45-53

 

 

 

261 comments on “Community Work Programme”

  1. Pingback: Reba Fleurantin

  2. Pingback: Cory Chase MILF City

  3. Pingback: MILF City

  4. Pingback: interpersonal skills

  5. Pingback: premium-domains-list

  6. Pingback: Help with assignment

  7. Pingback: Online Assignment Writers

  8. Pingback: Writing Assignment for University

  9. Pingback: Write my research paper

  10. Pingback: Locksmith North Tyneside

  11. Pingback: Conflict of Nations france

  12. Pingback: Homescapes cheats 2022

  13. Pingback: Dragon Awaken 2020

  14. Pingback: Bingo Blitz Cheats 2022

  15. Pingback: onlyfans leak

  16. Pingback: leak

  17. Pingback: sex tape

  18. Pingback: Lockout Service

  19. Pingback: valentines gift

  20. Pingback: valentine gift for her

  21. Pingback: ANAHTAR KELİMELER

  22. Pingback: Vodafone Mobil ödeme bozdurma

  23. Pingback: How to become a porn star

  24. Pingback: 24 hour Locksmith

  25. Pingback: Mobile Legends cheat

  26. Pingback: Klondike hack download

  27. Pingback: مجله اوپسی

  28. Pingback: Click Here

  29. Pingback: Click Here

  30. Pingback: Click Here

  31. Pingback: Click Here

  32. Pingback: Click Here

  33. Pingback: Dragon Storm 2023

  34. Pingback: Big Farm 2020

  35. Pingback: Star Stable france

  36. Pingback: 바카라사이트

  37. Pingback: Click Here

  38. Pingback: Click Here

  39. Pingback: 80f to c

  40. Pingback: Truffle salt

  41. Pingback: 37c in f

  42. Pingback: techronadvantage card.com/activate

  43. Pingback: idgo activate

  44. Pingback: pellets

  45. Pingback: versele laga

  46. Pingback: optibreed

  47. Pingback: 온라인카지노게임

  48. Pingback: Click Here

  49. Pingback: Click Here

  50. Pingback: Click Here

  51. Pingback: Click Here

  52. Pingback: Click Here

  53. Pingback: jagojp

  54. Pingback: Click Here

  55. Pingback: Click Here

  56. Pingback: Click Here

  57. Pingback: Click Here

  58. Pingback: Click Here

  59. Pingback: Click Here

  60. Pingback: Click Here

  61. Pingback: Click Here

  62. Pingback: Click Here

  63. Pingback: Click Here

  64. Pingback: Click Here

  65. Pingback: Click Here

  66. Pingback: Click Here

  67. Pingback: Click Here

  68. Pingback: Space ROS

  69. Pingback: Click Here

  70. Pingback: robots remote control

  71. Pingback: Click Here

  72. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  73. Pingback: Click Here

  74. Pingback: Click Here

  75. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  76. Pingback: Click Here

  77. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  78. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  79. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  80. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  81. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  82. Pingback: Click Here

  83. Pingback: Reputation Defenders

  84. Pingback: Click Here

  85. Pingback: Free Fire hack coins

  86. Pingback: Naruto Online hack

  87. Pingback: Genshin Impact proof

  88. Pingback: Play Together money generator online

  89. Pingback: War Thunder 2020

  90. Pingback: Click Here

  91. Pingback: Click Here

  92. Pingback: Click Here

  93. Pingback: Click Here

  94. Pingback: Click Here

  95. Pingback: Click Here

  96. Pingback: Click Here

  97. Pingback: Click Here

  98. Pingback: Click Here

  99. Pingback: Click Here

  100. Pingback: Click Here

  101. Pingback: Click Here

  102. Pingback: Click Here

  103. Pingback: Click Here

  104. Pingback: Click Here

  105. Pingback: Click Here

  106. Pingback: Click Here

  107. Pingback: grand rapids same day crowns

  108. Pingback: grand rapids teeth whitening

  109. Pingback: Click Here

  110. Pingback: Click Here

  111. Pingback: Click Here

  112. Pingback: Click Here

  113. Pingback: https://gquery.org/

  114. Pingback: Click Here

  115. Pingback: 슬롯사이트추천

  116. Pingback: Click Here

  117. Pingback: Click Here

  118. Pingback: Click Here

  119. Pingback: florarie florisis

  120. Pingback: florisis online

  121. Pingback: florisis cluj

  122. Pingback: Click Here

  123. Pingback: Click Here

  124. Pingback: Click Here

  125. Pingback: Click Here

  126. Pingback: Click Here

  127. Pingback: Click Here

  128. Pingback: Click Here

  129. Pingback: Click Here

  130. Pingback: Click Here

  131. Pingback: Click Here

  132. Pingback: Click Here

  133. Pingback: Click Here

  134. Pingback: Click Here

  135. Pingback: Click Here

  136. Pingback: Click Here

  137. Pingback: Click Here

  138. Pingback: Click Here

  139. Pingback: Sympathy Flowers

  140. Pingback: hemstädning

  141. Pingback: visningsstädning

  142. Pingback: visningsstädning

  143. Pingback: 무료 카지노 게임

  144. Pingback: 카지노 보너스 및 프로모션

  145. Pingback: IBAN Account create

  146. Pingback: iron 4 lol account euw

  147. Pingback: league of legends oce iron account

  148. Pingback: league of legends diamond account

  149. Pingback: best-premium-domains

  150. Pingback: premium-domain-names

  151. Pingback: Share Referral Code or Link

  152. Pingback: get investment for startup

  153. Pingback: website for startups

  154. Pingback: snaptik

  155. Pingback: instagram story viewer

  156. Pingback: Google reviews

  157. Pingback: global casino brands

  158. Pingback: reputation defenders

  159. Pingback: 온라인슬롯사이트

  160. Pingback: Dad meme

  161. Pingback: 2023 Books

  162. Pingback: Scimago Institutions Rankings

  163. Pingback: Which laptop brand is the best for professionals

  164. Pingback: funeral directory

  165. Pingback: dead people

  166. Pingback: search dececased

  167. Pingback: obituary

  168. Pingback: Bokep

  169. Pingback: little kids stuff

  170. Pingback: little kids stuff

  171. Pingback: little kids stuff

  172. Pingback: traveling sons

  173. Pingback: traveling sons

  174. Pingback: commute bags

  175. Pingback: isla mujeres golf cart rental

  176. Pingback: isla mujeres golf cart

  177. Pingback: rent golf cart

  178. Pingback: Solid Wood Bench

  179. Pingback: Solid Wood TV Unit

  180. Pingback: Solid Wood Dining Table

  181. Pingback: Solid Wood Shelf

  182. Pingback: sexual companion dolls

  183. Pingback: today football betting

  184. Pingback: bitcoin news

  185. Pingback: Fishing Clash hack 2023

  186. Pingback: Best Fiends cheats ios

  187. Pingback: CSR Racing 2 screen

  188. Pingback: Carrom Pool shop

  189. Pingback: Chirurgie Tunisie

  190. Pingback: Chirurgie esthétique Tunisie

  191. Pingback: Chirurgiens esthétique Tunisie

  192. Pingback: National Chi Nan University

  193. Pingback: 30 60 90 Triangles

  194. Pingback: Triangle

  195. Pingback: Triangles

  196. Pingback: 30 60 90

  197. Pingback: Triangles

  198. Pingback: Triangle

  199. Pingback: 30 60 90 Triangles

  200. Pingback: Jaipur offbeat tour

  201. Pingback: Setting up a company in Dubai

  202. Pingback: Dubai Marina

  203. Pingback: french blue bulldog

  204. Pingback: french bulldogs merle

  205. Pingback: blue french bulldog

  206. Pingback: mining bitcoin terpercaya

  207. Pingback: Cheap Flight Tickets

  208. Pingback: top cbd brands

  209. Pingback: Community engagement

  210. Pingback: french bulldog puppies

  211. Pingback: french bulldog breeders

  212. Pingback: french bulldog breeder

  213. Pingback: Top University in Egypt

  214. Pingback: Global partnerships

  215. Pingback: Faculties Consultants fue

  216. Pingback: Civility

  217. Pingback: افضل جامعة في مصر

  218. Pingback: Future University in Egypt

  219. Pingback: Future University in Egypt

  220. Pingback: ما هي افضل الكليات الخاصه في مصر

  221. Pingback: Quality standards

  222. Pingback: Alumni network

  223. Pingback: درجات البكالوريوس في المحاسبة

  224. Pingback: Management information systems

  225. Pingback: Business administration program Egypt

  226. Pingback: Evolving curriculum and teaching methods

  227. Pingback: مناهج ماجستير إدارة الأعمال في مصر

  228. Pingback: Political science

  229. Pingback: Admission Process

  230. Pingback: الحياة والتدريب من أجل التنمية

  231. Pingback: Rota evaporators

  232. Pingback: How many years of pharmacy school

  233. Pingback: Educational Activities

  234. Pingback: Pharmacy's PHD

  235. Pingback: البحث العلمي المبتكر

  236. Pingback: Continuing dental education

  237. Pingback: علاج الاسنان بالمجان

  238. Pingback: ماجيستير جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

  239. Pingback: Academic Advisor

  240. Pingback: تقدم البحث

  241. Pingback: research and cultural renaissance

  242. Pingback: industry partnerships

  243. Pingback: هندسة البترول

  244. Pingback: الحضور والغياب

  245. Pingback: Machine Learning

  246. Pingback: Social Media Marketer

  247. Pingback: computer science degrees

  248. Pingback: Chairman of the Board of Trustees

  249. Pingback: fue

  250. Pingback: scientific approach

  251. Pingback: top university in egypt

  252. Pingback: professional programs

  253. Pingback: Pharmacology and Toxicology

  254. Pingback: الممارسة الصيدلانية والصيدلة السريرية

  255. Pingback: Medicinal Chemistry

  256. Pingback: Orthodontic Residency Programs

  257. Pingback: امتحانات القبول لجامعة المستقبل

  258. Pingback: برامج الدراسات العليا في جامعة المستقبل

  259. Pingback: بيان شخصي لجامعة المستقبل

  260. Pingback: رسوم التقديم لجامعة المستقبل

  261. Pingback: best university egypt

Leave a Reply